Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a 15 kDa glycoprotein, encoded in humans by a single gene located in the q26-28 region of chromosome 4. It is a class of signaling molecules in the immune system that regulates the activity of immunocompetent white blood cells (leukocytes, usually lymphocytes). It is a class of signaling molecules in the immune system that regulates the activity of immunocompetent white blood cells (leukocytes, usually lymphocytes).IL-2 is the body’s natural response to microbial infections, distinguishing between foreign and self-antigens.IL-2 functions by interacting with the IL-2 receptor, which consists of three chains, the α-chain (CD25), the β-chain (CD122), and the γ-chain (CD132). CD132). Monitoring serum levels of IL-2 provides a more detailed perspective on a variety of pathologies, including cancer, infectious diseases, transplant rejection, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and type I diabetes.