Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling proteins synthesized and released by host cells in response to pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, or tumor cells. In general, virus-infected cells release interferons that cause surrounding cells to increase their antiviral defenses. Based on receptor type, human interferons can be classified into 3 major types: type I interferons, which include IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-ε, IFN-κ, and IFN-ω, type II interferons (known as IFN-γ in humans), and type III interferons.IFN-β up-regulates and down-regulates a variety of genes through the signaling pathways STAT1 and STAT2, most of which are involved in the IFN-β plays an important role in inducing a broad spectrum of nonspecific antiviral infections, and it also influences cell proliferation and modulates the immune response.