C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5), also known as epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA-78), is a small molecular weight cytokine in the CXC chemokine family. CXCL5 is produced by cells stimulated by the inflammatory cytokines IL-1 or TNF-α. Eosinophils also express CXCL5, which is inhibited by the type II interferon IFN-γ. CXCL5 exerts its effects by interacting with the cell-surface chemokine receptor CXCR2, which stimulates the chemotaxis of neutrophils with angiogenic properties and is involved in connective tissue remodeling. CXCL5 also has a role in regulating neutrophil homeostasis.CXCL5 is highly expressed in atherosclerosis (a chronic inflammatory state) but is not associated with neutrophil infiltration. Instead, CXCL5 directly controls macrophage foam cell formation, which is protective against atherosclerosis.